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fter graduating from the University of Petrograd, Rand immigrated to the United States in 1926 and found work as a screenwriter in Hollywood. In 1935 her first play, The Night of January 16th, began a successful New York run. Her first novel, We, the Living, appeared in 1936, and her second, Anthem, in 1938. In 1940 her play The Unconquered
had a short Broadway run. The Fountainhead (1943; film, 1949), which became a durable best-seller, depicts its architect-hero as a superman whose egoism and genius prevail over timid traditionalism and social conformism. The Objectivist philosophy embodied in the book, inspired by Nietzsche, held that all real achievement is the product of individual ability and effort, that laissez-faire capitalism is most congenial to the exercise of talent, and that selfishness is a virtue, altruism a vice. Rand's reversal of the traditional Judeo-Christian ethic made her a beacon for an avid and self-renewing cult of libertarian-conservative followers. The allegorical Atlas Shrugged (1957),
